Keep in mind the LF4 was probably tested and validated with 5w-30 for lubrication properties and emissions system longevity way back in 2013/2014 during development prior to the release of the MY 2016 ATS-V, and the lubrication testing program for the LF4 was probably a derivative of the validation testing maybe even as far back as 2012 for the MY2014 Vsport cars with the LF3... I don't think Mobil 1 0w40 ESP/Supercar was even available at that time for them to consider and test, even if it is a superior oil and would have been a better oil to use in the LF3/LF4 than 5w30.
M1 0w40 ESP/Supercar being a much newer formulation is probably a superior oil compared to the older 5w30, especially since GM is currently using it in 2 of the 3 highest performing engines they make, the LT2 and the LT4 (the LT6 in the new C8 Z06 is using M1 5w50.) 0w40 ESP/Supercar may very well be totally appropriate to use and perform even better than than 5w30 in the LF4, but we'll probably never get an official confirmation/recommendation from GM for that as it just doesn't make financial sense for them to run a new oil testing and validation program on an limited production engine near the end of its production cycle.
If you want to play it 100% safe as originally designed, stick with the OEM fill of M1 5w30, but I don't think the M1 0w40 ESP/Supercar is going to hurt anything... it might actually perform better, but we'll probably never get an official recommendation from GM to use it.
I should probably ask my buddy in GM Powertrain development to dig around and see if there were any changes made to the bearing clearances, piston to bore clearance, or piston rings when they switched from 5w30 to 0w40 oil...