Yeah, the clear coat on those rims is shot.
The only way you're going to clean those is to do a REAL polish to them. It's going to be labor intensive as hell, because you need to remove ALL of that clear coat to get to the metal beneath, and then start over to polish said metal.
With the tires ON, you'll need to hand-scuff it off and it's going to take for-f*cking-ever.
Better way: take the wheels to a shop, have them unmount the tires.
Spray them with aircraft remover. It will eat the coat off. Pressure wash it off, polish the wheels with that same Mother's polish, and then put the tires back on.
You need to unmount the tires because the stripper can and WILL eat rubber that it touches.
And wear gloves. Trust me.
Here's what the stripper does to paint/clear coat (this is the firewall of my wagon):
And after it sits for a few minutes, and a shot from the pressure washer....