I had to tape up my drivers side window while I waited for my new regulator to arrive. The way it was secured involved the tape sticking to the paint and along the insides of the window trim. My question is.... what can I do to remove that left over adhesive from the exterior paint and interior rubber trim?

3M Adhesive Remover should get the job done.

If you have any hand cleaners like GoJo (the stuff with Lanolin) it should remove the residue. Just use a little with a cloth and rub on let sit for a few minutes then wipe off and buff it up. Usually works like a champ on stuff like that.

Those cleaners contain pumice stone, not something I would want rubbing on my cars paint. I would stick with any automotive solvent/adhesive remover and follow with a coat of your favorite wax or sealant.