I would like to change my tire profile from P235 50 17 (Front) and P255 45 17 (Rear) ro P235 60 17 (Front) and P245 55 17 (Rear). First of all, will it work? And what might the consequences be in changing the factory wheel diameter without changing anything else?

(1) What you've described isn't a change in wheel diameter at all, it's a change in tire diameter.

(2) The tire sizes you're proposing are nearly 2" taller than the stock size. Is there a reason you want to do that?

To answer your questions, they'll probably fit, but I wouldn't be at all surprised if you have issues with the fronts rubbing when you turn. The taller tires will throw off the speedometer and odometer by over 7%, which is a lot - much more than you should want to tolerate. Handling will suffer quite a bit, as you'll be running much taller sidewalls, not to mention you want to run more narrow rear tires.

All in all, it seems like a pretty bad idea to me.